考虑含水率影响的结构性黄土临界状态模型     

侯乐乐  翁效林  李林  周容名 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):737-748

根据不同初始含水率原状黄土结构性演化规律,基于临界状态土力学理论,以应力、初始含水率和应变为基本变量,提出了一个可以反映原状黄土结构性演化规律及软化特性的临界状态本构模型。模型通过对比不同初始含水率下重塑与原状黄土等向压缩曲线,建立了不同含水率下原状黄土的结构性参数及其演化方程。此外,模型采用非相关联流动法则,以剪胀方程的形式来求解塑性偏应变。模型共计9个材料参数,均可由压缩试验和常规三轴剪切试验求得。通过与已有试验数据的对比发现,本模型不仅可以较好地体现初始含水率对原状黄土结构强度、变形特性以及结构破坏规律的影响,而且能较为合理地预测原状黄土的硬化及软化特性。所建立的结构性黄土临界状态模型为深化黄土力学特性研究提供了可能,同时为有效计算黄土地基湿陷变形提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架重建:来自俯冲增生杂岩研究进展     

杨晓平  钟辉  杨雅军  江斌  钱程  马永非  张超 《地学前缘》2022,29(2):94-114

大兴安岭地区古生代处于古亚洲洋闭合阶段,其间发育众多的弧盆系和蛇绿岩带,笔者等在大兴安岭地区1: 1 000 000地质编图和野外地质调研基础上,应用“洋板块地质”学术思想在大兴安岭地区元古宙、古生代地质体中划分出一系列“俯冲增生杂岩”、地块基底残块、岛弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地等构造单元,结合陆(地)块和岩浆弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地和“俯冲增生杂岩”的时空展布,划分出9条俯冲增生杂岩带,其中新识别出3条俯冲增生杂岩带。俯冲增生杂岩带主要分布于兴蒙造山带内部各地块之间和地块与大型岛弧带之间,相当于地块间及地块与岛弧带间的缝合带。依据俯冲增生杂岩带两侧对应的陆(地)块、岛弧带等构造级别,归并出5条结合带。俯冲增生杂岩带的展布方向以北东向为主,时代自北向南依次变新,从早奥陶世演化到中—晚二叠世,暗示古亚洲洋洋盆向大兴安岭地区陆(地)块俯冲作用最早发生在北部额尔古纳一带,逐渐向南后撤,不断形成新的洋壳和产生俯冲增生作用,相应的活动陆缘从北部额尔古纳地块向南逐渐增生,配套弧盆系时代也逐渐向南变新。早—中三叠世至西拉木伦一带发生陆-陆拼贴,完成华北板块与西伯利亚板块的对接。通过对大兴安岭地区古生代“俯冲增生杂岩”的研究,重建了大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架,提高了古亚洲洋东段洋-陆转换的研究程度。  相似文献   

东昆仑深部结构地震探测研究现状与展望     

赵荣涛  赵文津  刘志伟  宋洋  陈昌昕 《地球学报》2022,43(2):189-201

东昆仑位于青藏高原北部, 是研究青藏高原向北生长的重要地区。该区在印度板块向北俯冲与亚洲阿拉善地块向南挤压下, 新生代构造和地震活动强烈, 是研究青藏高原隆升、构造变形、强震发生机理等问题的极佳试验场。近几十年来, 在东昆仑及邻区开展了大量的地球物理探测, 取得了很多进展, 也存在一些问题。本文通过收集近年来在该研究区开展的人工地震和天然地震探测成果, 综合分析了研究区的壳幔速度结构, 莫霍面形态及各向异性特征, 总结得出以下几点认识: 柴达木盆地南缘上地幔内的北倾界面可能代表早古生代昆仑洋向北俯冲的遗迹; 东昆仑缺乏“山根”, 重力均衡调整对东昆仑莫霍面加深没有起主导作用, 印度板块向北俯冲, 通过青藏高原对柴达木盆地的挤压造成东昆仑地壳垂向增厚。最后我们探讨了东昆仑地区壳幔结构研究的不足, 并对下一步的研究思路和方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

南海神狐海域水合物一维速度结构研究： 基于中—低饱和度水合物区的约束     

柳雷锋  夏少红  方允鑫  林霖  范朝焰  孙金龙  赵芳 《高校地质学报》2022,28(3):424-439

高精度OBS探测作为目前研究水合物的常用技术手段,可以获取水合物矿体精细速度结构,在研究天然气水合物饱和度、水合物资源的预测与开发等方面具有重要指导意义。然而正演模拟OBS速度结构是繁琐漫长的过程,构建合理的初始模型是后续精细结构快速成像的重要前提。本研究基于全球18个已探明地震波速度的水合物区,分析了水合物矿体内纵波速度的共性特征和影响因素,拟合了水合物矿体带纵波速度与海水深度、沉积物厚度的经验公式。综合经验公式、OBS数据与多道地震剖面,建立了神狐水合物区横向均匀初始模型,并通过射线追踪与走时拟合模拟了神狐海域的一维纵波速度结构。结果表明,神狐水合物矿体带具有高纵波速度(1.83~1.92 km/s）,游离气层具有低P波速度（1.60~1.70 km/s）,此外,基于全球的水合物速度经验公式对神狐海域速度结构模拟具有重要参考意义,有望为获取神狐海域二维/三维精确速度结构提供可靠的初始模型,进而指导水合物精细勘察与资源评估。  相似文献   

安徽铜陵地区中生代侵入岩成因及成矿意义     

谢建成  杨晓勇  肖益林  杜建国  孙卫东 《地质学报》2012,86(3):423-459

安徽铜陵矿集区是我国最著名的铜、金、铁产地之一,成矿与岩浆作用关系密切.本次对铜陵地区中生代侵入岩进行了系统的矿物学、岩石学和元素地球化学研究.结果表明:①本区岩浆岩主要为辉石(二长)闪长岩( SiO2≤55％)、石英(二长)闪长岩(SiO255％～65％)和花岗闪长岩(SiO2≥65％)三种岩石组合,其矿物成分主要为...  相似文献   

低轨卫星初始状态误差对反演地球重力场的影响     

张兴福  沈云中 《测绘科学》2009,34(3)

基于动力学法反演地球重力场的基本理论,研究了卫星初始状态向量误差对应用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场的影响。在仅考虑低轨卫星初始状态误差的情况下进行了模拟计算,结果表明:在利用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场时,卫星初始状态向量误差需要重新进行估计;在目前的轨道精度水平下,若不顾及误差方程二次项的影响,反演弧长不宜过长;卫星初始状态速度误差(约1.5mm/s)的影响要大于位置误差(约10 cm)的影响。  相似文献   

Eclogitization of the Monviso ophiolite (W. Alps) and implications on subduction dynamics     

S. ANGIBOUST  R. LANGDON  P. AGARD  D. WATERS  C. CHOPIN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(1):37-61

To constrain deep (40–100 km) subduction dynamics, extensive P–T data are provided on the eclogitic Monviso ophiolite derived from the subducted Liguro‐Piemontese oceanic lithosphere (which was exhumed, together with associated continental units, before the Alpine collision). The Monviso ophiolite has so far been interpreted either as a fossilized subduction channel, with tectonic blocks detached from the slab at different depths and gathered in a weak serpentinized matrix, or as a more or less continuous portion of oceanic lithosphere. To evaluate potential heterogeneities within and between the various subunits, extensive sampling was undertaken on metasedimentary rocks and Fe–Ti metagabbros. The results indicate that the Monviso ophiolite comprises two main coherent tectonic subunits (the Monviso and Lago Superiore Units) detached during subduction at different depths and later juxtaposed at epidote–blueschist facies during exhumation along the subduction interface. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material suggests (i) a difference in peak temperature of ～50 °C between these two subunits and (ii) a good temperature homogeneity within each subunit. Pseudosections and average P–T estimates using thermocalc in the Lago Superiore Unit suggest for the first time homogeneous HP to UHP conditions (～550 °C, 26–27 kbar). Parageneses, peak conditions and tectonic setting are very similar to those of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite, 200 km northwards, thus suggesting a common detachment mechanism for the whole Western Alpine belt.  相似文献   

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王伟  宁津生  汪海洪  罗佳 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(3):67-69

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Unpairing metamorphic belts: P–T paths and a tectonic model for the Ryoke Belt, southwest Japan     

MICHAEL BROWN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1998,16(1):3-22

Southwest Japan is divided into Outer and Inner Zones by the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), a major transcurrent fault. The Outer Zone is composed of the Sambagawa (high-pressure intermediate or high P/T type metamorphism), Chichibu and Shimanto Belts. In the Inner Zone, the Ryoke Belt (andalusite– sillimanite or low P/T type metamorphism) was developed mainly within a Jurassic accretionary complex. This spatial relationship between high P/T type and low P/T type metamorphic belts led Miyashiro to the idea that metamorphic belts were developed as ‘paired’ systems. Textural relationships and petrogenetically significant mineral assemblages in pelites from the Ryoke Belt imply peak P–T conditions of ≈5 kbar and up to 850 °C in migmatitic garnet–cordierite rocks from the highest-grade metamorphic zone. It is likely that the thermal anomaly responsible for metamorphism of the Ryoke Belt was related to a segment of the Farallon–Izanagi Ridge as it subducted under the eastern margin of the Asian continent during the Cretaceous. The sequence of mineral assemblages developed in pelites implies a metamorphic field gradient with shallow dP/dT slope, inferred to have been generated by a nested set of hairpin-like ‘clockwise’P–T paths. These P–T paths are characterized by limited prograde thickening, minor decompression at peak-T , and near-isobaric cooling, features that may be typical of P–T paths in low P/T type metamorphic belts caused by ridge subduction. A ridge subduction model for the Ryoke Belt implies that juxtaposition of the high-P/T metamorphic rocks of the Sambagawa Belt against it was a result of terrane amalgamation. Belt-parallel ductile stretching, recorded as syn-metamorphic, predominantly constrictional strain in both Ryoke and Sambagawa Belt rocks, and substantial sinistral displacement on the MTL are consistent with left-lateral oblique convergence. Diachroneity in fast cooling of the Ryoke Belt is implied by extant thermochronological data, and is inferred to relate to progressive SW to NE docking of the Sambagawa Belt. Thus, an alternative interpretation of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in Japan is that they represent laterally contemporaneous terranes, rather than outboard and inboard components of a trench/arc ‘paired’ system. Amalgamation of laterally contemporaneous terranes during large translations of forearcs along continental margins may explain other examples of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in the geological record.  相似文献   

浙江中部芙蓉山花岗斑岩及包体岩石地球化学研究     

杜秀玲  汪方跃  闫海洋  顾海欧  孙贺  葛粲 《地质论评》2022,68(1):18-46

花岗岩的源区、温压条件及与其他岩石的共生组合的研究可以限定其形成构造背景,了解其形成的深部动力学过程.本文对浙江中部中生代芙蓉山花岗斑岩及其暗色包体开展了全岩主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素、Ti温度计和全岩Sr—Nd同位素研究,探讨芙蓉山花岗斑岩的成因类型、源区特征及其与镁铁质包体之间的关系,并进一步限定其...  相似文献